Issues on Training Employees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issues on Training Employees - Essay Example Organizations from around the globe run worldwide business along these lines. On the off chance that an American business complies with a Saudi law by sending a man, Saudis must comply with American Homeland Security laws by giving appropriate distinguishing proof and removing shoes while experiencing air terminal security. Worldwide organizations can be productive, if neighborhood laws and societies are regarded. This must be cultivated through appropriate worker preparing. After World War II a worldwide market opened up for business around the globe. Business began extending past their outskirts. IBM is a case of a worldwide business. At an opportune time IBM perceived the requirement for social assorted variety. Formal articulations identifying with decent variety at IBM can be found as far back as 1953 by the then CEO Thomas J Watson Jr, who stated: ‘it is the arrangement of IBM to recruit individuals who have the character, ability and foundation important to fill a given activity, paying little heed to race, shading or creed.’ (Nicholson 2009) IBM perceived better strategic policies is join the most qualified individual for each activity. This errand required social decent variety, around the world, yet in their nation of origin of the United States. The announcement above was extremely dynamic for the 1950’s. IBM began this arrangement and proceeded right up 'til today by following: This kind of strategy was realized through laws like the American Disability Act, Affirmative Action, and other work laws. The work/life balance is imperative to each country’s societies. Various societies anticipate diverse work days, work weeks, and excursion rehearses. The progression of ladies can be accomplished in most of nations that IBM works in. Be that as it may, in a few Middle Eastern and other Islamic nations this isn't lawful or even conceivable. In Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Iran, and other Islamic nations ladies don't encounter indistinguishable opportunities from they do in the West. A model would be in Saudi Arabia

Smithfield Foods Company

Smithfield Foods Company Foundation depiction on Smithfield Foods Company Smithfield Foods Company delivers and fabricates pork and pork items. It is the biggest pork delivering organization on the planet. The organization was set up in 1936 and the present home office are situated in Virginia. Smithfield Field raises around 14 millions pigs annually.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on Smithfield Foods Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization forms around 27 million pigs are every year, to create pork and meat items. Different brand names are utilized in the worldwide markets to speak to the pork and hamburger items. Smithfield has encountered different difficulties in offering better items in the market. The administration has put forth attempts to improve the exhibition of the organization, and to decrease the negative impacts of its exercises (Smithfield Foods site, 2011). The execution of Customer Relationship Management will help improve the exhi bition of the organization, both inside and remotely. The difficulties confronting the organization will be settled by introducing and executing eth CRM framework. In any case, the administration ought to have techniques of guaranteeing that the framework is effective in light of the fact that there will be different difficulties to be experienced during the usage procedure (Thomas, 2011). The issues and difficulties confronting Smithfield Foods Company According to Hirsch and Person (2009), Smithfield encounters numerous issues concerning its relationship with clients, workers, condition gatherings, and different partners in the business. The clients of the organization have griped about exploitative procedure forced to the results of the organization. The organization has had the option to rule the worldwide market, and this causes it to force costs discriminatively (Pride Ferrell, 2008). Smithfield has been sued for its poor waste administration rehearses. It was asserted that th e organization arranges untreated creature squander into conduits. This has influenced the wellbeing gauges of the laborers and the neighboring networks. Instances of awful creature squander odors have been accounted for by the individuals living around the organization (Fainaru, 2009). A fine of $12.6 was given to the organization in 1997 for disregarding Clean Water Act. Notwithstanding the endeavors made by the organization to work in a spotless domain, the organization has been claimed to spread pig influenza because of its poor waste administration practices.Advertising Looking for appraisal on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was accounted for that the organization neglected to arrange dead creature bodies, and canines would devour the cadavers. What's more, individuals living around the organization were accounted for to grumble about cerebral pains. Hence, the episode of H1N1 in 1999 wa s connected to the organization (Squier, 2011). The organization has likewise been rehearsing poor creature dealing with. The pigs live in boxes which are excessively little. Likewise, transportation of the creatures is done inadequately to such an extent that a few creatures wind up biting the dust in transit. Creature misuse has been accounted for, and this has influenced the interest for the results of the organization. The need to know the wellspring of nourishments found in the market has expanded, and this has made the requirement for clients to look for data about the way toward assembling just as creation of food parts. All things considered, the treatment of creatures has gotten significant in deciding great practices by makers. This has influenced the market for the items created by Smithfield Foods Company in light of the fact that the organization has been misusing creatures (Thomas, 2011). What's more, the majority of the clients are worried about the government assista nce of the employees’ working conditions. The organization has been sued severally for its poor work environment conditions. The administration of the organization meddles with the activities of the worker's organization of the representatives. This makes it feasible for the organization to mistreat its representatives since it can undoubtedly control the standards of the association. For instance, in 1994 and 1997, the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW) sued the Smithfield Foods Company for controlling appointment of the association. The National Labor Relations Board had given order to the administration of the organization to quit meddling with the exercises of the association. In 2006, the administration of the organization neglected to give funds to directing reasonable races at the association. Because of the unjustifiable acts of the organization representatives have held a few open shows to fight the conduct of the organization (Bacon, 2008).Advertising W e will compose a custom appraisal test on Smithfield Foods Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UFCW called for mass blacklist of Smithfield’ items in 2007 and this influenced buyer observation about the results of the organization. The battle influenced the picture of the company’s items in the residential and worldwide markets. Despite the fact that a consent to stop the blacklist was reached between the UFCW and the organization, the interest for the items from the organization has been influenced because of the poor working states of the organization. What's more, the picture of the organization has been discolored, and the organization may lose its worldwide piece of the pie sooner rather than later. Smithfield has experience different questions which have caused it acquire a great deal of fines. For instance, in 2009 the organization was punished $900,000 for taking part in illicit merger (Pope Treacy, 2011). The advantage CRM will b ring to Smithfield Foods Company By receiving Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, the organization will cooperate with clients. This will help recognize the issues that clients may have concerning the items offered by the organization to the market. The organization will recognize changes in shopper request, and any part of the items that the clients may wish to be included. With the execution of CRM, the clients will have the option to pass on data to the organization. This will assist the workers with developing items as per the particular needs of the clients. Since the organization has numerous clients, and works in numerous nations, the presentation of CRM will help connect with all clients by building up proper data assortment framework (Sunil, Krishnan Fornell, 2005). The CRM framework will enable the organization to distinguish objections from clients and different partners. By introducing an electronic CRM, the administration of the organization will handily scr een the inputs gave by stakeholders.Advertising Searching for appraisal on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Correspondence with pertinent divisions will likewise improve the arrangement of fitting solutions for the overarching issues. The organization requires utilizing the data got from the clients to create procedures of improving the government assistance of its representatives, creatures and to keep up proper ecological gauges (Eugene, Fornell Mazvancheryl, 2004). Creating hand crafted items will be conceivable by applying the CRM methodology. The organization will have the option to recognize the particular needs of the clients, and this will be consolidated in the item structure, execution methodologies just as improving the natural conditions. Along these lines, the organization will accomplish higher consumer loyalty, and this will prompt higher benefits being made. Purchaser devotion will likewise be accomplished when clients are fulfilled (Hennig, 2000). Clients build up a repurchase conduct when they are fulfilled by the items and administrations of a specific organization. The elevated levels of consumer loyalty will help improve the market position of the results of the organization. In that capacity, the organization will accomplish a higher serious situation in the local and worldwide market. This will help improve the deals made by the organization, and eventually it will have the option to command the worldwide markets (Asim Mela, 2003). Creating suitable advertising efforts will be conceivable by the utilization of CRM. Smithfield has encountered blacklist battles against its items before. By applying CRM, the organization will have the option to defeat difficulties it experienced in the past where the picture of its items was discolored. The use of CRM will kill the negative crusades gave by the UFCW (National Labor Relations Board, 2008). As indicated by Shimp (2010), directing corporate social duty will be conceivable by applying CRM. The organization has encountered snapshots of poor brand picture in the worldwide picture, and there is have to c reate methodologies of advancing the picture of the brands of the organization by leading corporate social obligation exercises. These exercises will help construct a superior item picture among all purchasers of the company’s items. Recognizing the social needs of the networks where the organization works in will be conceivable by executing the CRM system. The organization can gather data from all partners concerning ventures which are fundamental for improving the status of the networks (Ruth, Kannan, Bramlett, 2000). By leading CSR exercises, the organization will grow better relationship with the networks where it works in, and thi9s will help improve the picture of the organization in the worldwide markets. Meeting the social needs of the networks will help settle a few issues the organization has been looking previously. For instance, the test of ecological neatness can be managed all the more effectively by activating networks to help tidy up the conduits. By introduci ng proper offices to shield the networks from being influenced by the creature waste will likewise help improve the relationship with the neighboring networks. This infers the organization will create methodologies of advancing better condition by gathering informatio

If I had my life to live over

If I had my life to live over I would have talked less and listened more.I would have invited friends over to dinner even if the carpet was stained and the sofa faded.I would have eaten the popcorn in the good living room and worried much less about the dirt when someone wanted to light a fire in the fireplace. I would have taken the time to listen to my grandfather ramble about his youth.I would never have insisted the car windows be rolled up on a summer day because my hair had just been teased and sprayed. I would have burned the pink candle sculpted like a rose before it melted in storage.I would have sat on the lawn with my children and not worried about grass stains.I would have cried and laughed less while watching TV and more while watching life.I would have shared more of the responsibility carried by my husband.I would have gone to bed when I was sick instead of pretending the earth would go into a holding pattern if I werent there for the day.I would never have bought anything just because it was pra ctical, wouldnt show soil or was guaranteed to last a lifetime.Instead of wishing away nine months of pregnancy, Id have cherished every moment and realized that the wonderment growing inside me was the only chance in life to assist God in a miracle.When my kids kissed me impetuously, I would never have said, Later. Now go get washed up for dinner.There would have been more I love yousmore Im sorrysBut mostly, given another shot at life, I would seize every minutelook at it and really see itlive itand never give it back.In memory of Erma Bombeck who lost her fight with cancer.

What Is the Progressive Aspect in English Grammar

In English grammar, progressive aspect refers to a  verb phrase made with a form of be plus -ing that indicates an action or condition continuing in the present, past, or future.  A verb in the progressive aspect (also known as the continuous form) usually describes something that takes place during a limited time period. According to Geoffrey Leech et al., the English progressive has developed a rather complex meaning, or set of meanings, by comparison with progressive constructions in other languages (Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study, 2012) Examples of Progressive Forms Michael Swan: A progressive form does not simply show the time of an event. It also shows how the speaker sees the event--generally as ongoing and temporary rather than completed or permanent. (Because of this, grammars often talk about progressive aspect rather than progressive tenses.) James Joyce: History is a nightmare from which we are trying to awaken. George Harrison: We were talking about the space between us allAnd the people who hide themselves behind a wall of illusion. Sammy Fain and Irving Kahal:Ill be seeing youIn all the old familiar placesThat this heart of mine embracesAll day through. Present Perfect ProgressiveJackson Browne:Well Ive been out walkingI dont do that much talking these days. Past Perfect ProgressiveC.S. Lewis: ‘You would not have called to me unless I had been calling to you,’ said the Lion. Future Perfect ProgressiveMowbray Meades: Well, dearest, I know you will have been thinking a good deal about me today and wondering how I have faired. Getting More Progressive Arika Okrent: English has been getting more progressive over time--that is, the progressive form of the verb has steadily increased in use. (The progressive form is the –ing form that indicates something is continuous or ongoing: They are speaking vs. They speak.) This change started hundreds of years ago, but in each subsequent era, the form has grown into parts of the grammar it hadnt had much to do with in previous eras. For example, at least in British English, its use in the passive (It is being held rather than It is held) and with modal verbs like should, would, and might (I should be going rather than I should go) has grown dramatically. There is also an increase of be in the progressive form with adjectives (Im being serious vs. Im serious).

Bronze Age Mobile Pastoralists of Central Asia

Steppe societies is a collective name for the Bronze Age (ca. 3500-1200 BC) nomadic and semi-nomadic people of the central Eurasian steppes. Mobile pastoralist groups have lived and herded in western and central Asia for at least 5,000 years, raising horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and yaks. Their borderless lands intersect the modern countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Russia, affecting and being affected by complex social systems from China to the Black Sea, the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia. Ecologically, the steppe can be characterized as part prairie, part desert, and part semi-desert, and it extends in Asia from Hungary to the Altai (or Altay) Mountains and the forests in Manchuria. In the northern parts of the steppe range, rich grasslands covered in snow for about a third of the year provide some of the best pasturelands on earth: but in the south are dangerous arid deserts dotted with oases. All of these areas are part of the mobile pastoralists homelands. Ancient History Ancient historical texts from the settled parts of Europe and Asia describe their interactions with steppe people. Most of that admittedly propagandist literature characterizes the Eurasian nomads as fierce, warlike barbarians or noble savages on horseback: for example, the Persians described their battles between the nomads as the war between good and evil. But archaeological studies of the cities and sites of the steppe societies have revealed a far more nuanced definition of the nomad life: and what is revealed is a wide diversity of cultures, languages, and methods of life. The people of the steppes were the builders and maintainers of the vast Silk Road, not to mention the traders who moved countless caravans across the pastoralist and desert landscapes. They domesticated the horse, invented war chariots and also probably the first bowed instruments. But--where did they come from? Traditionally, steppe societies are believed to have been arisen from agricultural societies around the Black Sea, becoming increasingly reliant on domestic cattle, sheep, and horses, and then expanding eastward in response to environmental change and the need for increased pastureages. By the Late Bronze Age (ca 1900-1300 BC), so the story goes, the entire steppe was populated by mobile pastoralists, called by archaeologists Andronovo culture. Spread of Agriculture According to research by Spengler et al. (2014), the mobile Steppe Society herders at Tasbas and Begash were also directly involved in the transmission of information concerning domestic plants and animals from their points of origin into Inner Asia during the early third millennium BC. Evidence for the use of domesticated barley, wheat, and broomcorn millet has been found at these sites, in ritual contexts; Spengler and colleagues argue that these nomadic herders were one of the ways in which these crops moved outside of their domestications: broomcorn from the east; and wheat and barley from the west. Languages of the Steppes First: a reminder: language and linguistic history do not match one-to-one with specific cultural groups. Not all English speakers are English, nor Spanish speakers Spanish: that was true as much in the past as the present. However, there are two linguistic histories that have been used to try to understand the possible origins of the steppe societies: Indo-European and Altaic. According to linguistic research, at its beginnings ca 4500-4000 BC, the Indo-European language was largely confined to the Black Sea region. About 3000 BC, Indo-European language forms spread outside of the Black Sea region into central, southern and western Asia and the northern Mediterranean. Part of that movement must be tied to the migration of people; part of that would have been transmitted by contact and trade. Indo-European is the root language for the Indic speakers of South Asia (Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi), the Iranian languages (Persian, Pashtun, Tajik), and the majority of European languages (English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese). Altaic was originally located in Southern Siberia, eastern Mongolia, and Manchuria. Its descendants include Turkic languages (Turkish, Uzbeck, Kazakh, Uighur), and Mongolian languages, and possibly (although there is some debate) Korean and Japanese. Both of these linguistic pathways seem to have traced the movement of nomads throughout and across central Asia and back again. However, a recent article by Michael Frachetti argues that this interpretation is too simplistic to match the archaeological evidence of the spread of people and domestication practices. Three Steppe Societies? Frachettis argument lies in his assertion that the domestication of the horse cannot have driven the rise of a single steppe society. Instead, he suggests scholars should look at three separate areas where mobile pastoralism arose, in the western, central and eastern regions of central Asia, and that by the fourth and early third millennia BC, these societies were specialized. Western Steppe: east banks of the Dneiper River to the Ural Mountains and north from the Black Sea (modern countries include parts of Ukraine, Russia; cultures include Cucuteni, Tripolye, Sredny Stog, Khvalynsk, Yamnaya; sites include Moliukhor Bugor, Derievka, Kyzl-khak, Kurpezhe-molla, Kara Khuduk I, Mikhailovka II, Maikop)Central Steppe: east of the Urals to the Altai edge (countries: parts of Kazakstan, Russia, Mongolia; cultures: Botai, Atbasar; sites: Botai)Eastern Steppe: east of the Irysh River to the Yenesei (countries: Russian Siberia, cultures: Afanas’ev (sometimes spelled Afanasievo); sites: Balyktyul, Kara-Tenesh) The sparsity of the archaeological record continues to be an issue: there simply hasnt been a great deal of work focused on the steppes. It is a very large place, and much more work needs to be accomplished. Archaeological Sites Turkmenistan: Altin-Depe, MervRussia: Sintashta, Kyzl-khak, Kara Khuduk, Kurpezhe-molla, Maikop, Ashgabat, GornyUzbekistan: Bukhara, Tashkent, SamarkandChina: TurfanKazakhstan: Botai, Krasnyi Yar, Mukri, Begash, TasbasUkraine: Moliukhor Bugor, Dereivka, Sredny Stog, Mikhailovka Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Human History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. See page two for a list of resources. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Human History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Frachetti MD. 2012. Multiregional emergence of mobile pastoralism and nonuniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Current Anthropology 53(1):2. Frachetti MD. 2011. Migration Concepts in Central Eurasian Archaeology. Annual Review of Anthropology 40(1):195-212. Frachetti MD, Spengler RN, Fritz GJ, and Maryashev AN. 2010. Earliest direct evidence for broomcorn millet and wheat in the central Eurasian steppe region. Antiquity 84(326):993–1010. Golden, PB. 2011. Central Asia in World History. Oxford University Press: Oxford. Hanks B. 2010. Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes and Mongolia. Annual Review of Anthropology 39(1):469-486. Spengler III RN, Cerasetti B, Tengberg M, Cattani M, and Rouse LM. 2014. Agriculturalists and pastoralists: Bronze Age economy of the Murghab alluvial fan, southern Central Asia. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany: in press. doi: 10.1007/s00334-014-0448-0 Spengler III RN, Frachetti M, Doumani P, Rouse L, Cerasetti B, Bullion E, and Maryashev A. 2014. Early agriculture and crop transmission among Bronze Age mobile pastoralists of Central Eurasia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281(1783). 10.1098/rspb.2013.3382

The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 27 Free Essays

â€Å"Come have a seat by the fire,† Scarlett said. She was smiling, in a twisted kind of way. Cassie tried to run back out the door, but she found her feet planted in place once again, just as they had been outside on the perimeter of the property. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 27 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"What’s going on?† she asked. â€Å"You can come in closer, you just can’t leave.† Scarlett’s smile brightened. â€Å"Where are the hunters?† Cassie asked. Scarlett shrugged her shoulders. â€Å"Don’t know.† â€Å"Are they even real?† â€Å"Oh, the hunters are very real,† Scarlett said. â€Å"They killed my mother and they followed me here. They just never caught me.† She tapped the empty space on the sofa beside her, indicating Cassie to sit. â€Å"Your Circle has no idea what they’re in for with the hunters. But they offered the perfect setup while I practiced my mind-invasion spells.† So all this time Cassie thought she was having visions, communicating across space and time to her sister, it was all just a trick. The Circle had been right all along. Cassie hadn’t been thinking clearly. Cassie couldn’t turn around and run away, but she still had the Tools, and they were quivering with energy. She could protect herself. could protect herself. She touched each relic and called on their power. Immediately, the Tools became hot – this time, too hot. They singed her skin like they’d turned against her. â€Å"Feel the burn?† Scarlett asked. She had somehow gotten the Tools to backfire on Cassie. They became angry and restless, sizzling with torment. â€Å"I’ll take them off your hands,† Scarlett said. Effortlessly, with one snap of her finger, the Master Tools obeyed her call. Like metal to a magnet, they unhinged themselves from Cassie’s body and flew at Scarlett’s outstretched hands. But how? How did Scarlett have so much influence over the Tools that she could beckon them? She must have been a more powerful witch than Cassie could have ever imagined. â€Å"It really is a shame you’ve never dabbled in the dark arts,† Scarlett said, sensing Cassie’s amazement at her abilities. Suddenly Cassie felt cold and naked, wearing nothing but the white shift. Powerless and bewildered, she shivered. â€Å"Who are you?† she asked. â€Å"I’m Black John’s daughter. Isn’t that obvious?† Scarlett said, gesturing at the Master Tools. â€Å"So we really are sisters.† â€Å"Oh yeah,† Scarlett said. â€Å"That part was real.† Scarlett, now wearing the Master Tools over her black T-shirt and jeans, reached for a poker from the fireplace. shirt and jeans, reached for a poker from the fireplace. Cassie stiffened, but then relaxed when Scarlett leaned over the side of the couch to an open bag of marshmal ows. She skewered one with the black metal poker and held it over the fire. â€Å"These Tools were meant for me,† Scarlett said. â€Å"Your whole life was meant for me.† â€Å"I don’t believe you,† Cassie said, trying her best to come off sounding strong and controlled. â€Å"I have no reason to believe anything you say.† Scarlett laughed. â€Å"You have every reason to.† She watched the marshmal ow reluctantly brown over the flame. She seemed to enjoy the way it struggled to maintain its exterior before succumbing to the heat. â€Å"I was the one he intended to be in the Circle with the rest of them,† she said. â€Å"I was born in November, like the others. Not you. Everything you’ve enjoyed since you arrived in New Salem – all of it rightfully belongs to me.† â€Å"No,† Cassie said. It couldn’t be true. â€Å"Yup. You were just an afterthought, a backup plan.† Cassie felt sick. And the sugary scent of burning marshmal ow wasn’t helping. Scarlett rotated the pointer in her hand like a rotisserie. â€Å"And now I’m here to claim my rightful spot in the Circle. But I’m going to have to kill you to get it.† She turned her shining black eyes onto Cassie. â€Å"Isn’t that a bummer, sis?† Scarlett gripped the metal poker with both hands, and Cassie realized just how much danger she was in. Scarlett did seem just crazy enough to kill her. She had to try to talk did seem just crazy enough to kill her. She had to try to talk her way out of this. â€Å"Why kill me,† Cassie asked, â€Å"when we could lead the Circle together?† Scarlett widened her eyes. â€Å"Really?† Her voice came out sounding childlike. â€Å"You’d be willing to do that?† Cassie nodded energetically. â€Å"Of course,† she said, trying to sound believable. â€Å"We’ll kick someone else out to make room for you as the twelfth member. Trust me, there are plenty of weak links.† Scarlett’s dark red lips curled into a vicious smile, and she laughed with her whole body. â€Å"You really are pathetic,† she said. â€Å"You don’t know much, but even you know it doesn’t work that way.† She pulled the pointer out of the flames. The burnt marshmal ow on its tip was now on fire, burning red like a hot coal. â€Å"Someone has to die to break the Circle’s bond,† Scarlett said. â€Å"And whichever member dies, they’re immediately replaced with someone of their own bloodline.† She shoved the flaming tip of the pointer under Cassie’s nose. â€Å"Didn’t you know that? Or had you and your little friends not gotten to that lesson in witch school? â€Å"You made for mostly an easy target,† Scarlett continued. â€Å"Until that protection spell made it impossible to kill you in New Salem.† â€Å"You were the one who cut my brakes,† Cassie said. It had finally all began making sense. Scarlett ignored the accusation. â€Å"But now you’re vulnerable,† she said. â€Å"No protection spell. And without even your precious Circle to save you.† Cassie tried to think of a spell, any spell, to help her out of this situation, but none came to mind. It was like her brain had reset to a blank page. Scarlett had somehow rendered her completely powerless. â€Å"And since you brought the Master Tools right to me, killing you should be easy.† Scarlett urged the fireball- tipped poker a centimeter away from Cassie’s face. She’s going to burn me, Cassie thought. She’s going to set me on fire. â€Å"Don’t waste your energy trying to do a spell,† Scarlett said. â€Å"Only black magic works in this house.† Black magic. That explained it, all of it. Cassie may have lacked the words to call on the element of Water, but she had to do something. With no other options, she took a swing at the pointer, knowing full well she’d burn her hand doing so, but it worked. She knocked the weapon from Scarlett’s grasp across the room. It landed with a thump onto the thick throw rug. Cassie was mildly proud of herself, but Scarlett didn’t seem the least bit rattled that she’d deflected the burning pointer from her grasp. â€Å"Nice work,† Scarlett said. â€Å"I couldn’t have done that better myself.† She directed Cassie’s attention to the smoke rising up from the rug where the pointer had landed. Then the smoke gave way to a small, newly born flame. Scarlett’s dark eyes sparkled, reflecting the silver of the diadem and bracelet, and the buckles of the garter. With a single wave of her hand, she fanned the small fire across the entire floor and up all four walls of the cottage, surrounding Cassie in a sweltering tent of heat and flames. I’m a fool, Cassie thought, a fool for being so trusting. Cassie cowered at the sight of the fire. There was no escaping a blaze of this size. â€Å"You’ve gone too far,† Cassie cried out. â€Å"You’ll burn in here with me.† Scarlett stood up and calmly began walking through the flames to gather her things. â€Å"Another thing you don’t know,† she said, yanking her clothes out of the closet and stuffing them into a large duffel bag. â€Å"The fire protection spell. It was one of Daddy’s favorites.† Smoke filled the room. It caught Cassie in the throat and brought stinging tears to her eyes, but Scarlett remained unbothered by it. â€Å"No!† Cassie screamed, crawling across the floor toward Scarlett, but she could only move a few inches in any direction. The flames were blocking her every exit. Within minutes the fire would consume her. â€Å"Please, Scarlett, we’re sisters. Please don’t do this!† Scarlett stood still with her bags in hand. Angry flames danced and cracked all around her, and black smoke encircled her body like a sinister tornado. â€Å"At least go with a little dignity, Cassie.† She dropped her bags in place and took a few deliberate steps closer. She leaned down slowly, like a serpent, to look Cassie in the eyes. â€Å"Did our father scream for mercy when you killed him, Cassie? I bet not.† Scarlett had his eyes, Cassie realized. Those pitch-black marbles that were cold as death, just like Black John’s. She was more his daughter than Cassie was. How could Cassie have been so fooled by her before? And then Cassie remembered her mother’s words about Black John. He wasn’t all bad, she’d said. â€Å"You don’t have to do this,† Cassie cried, trying to soften Scarlett’s cold hard stare with her own. â€Å"There’s good inside you, even now. You can choose to not be like him.† â€Å"I know.† Scarlett kicked Cassie away with the heel of her black boot. â€Å"But where’s the fun in that?† How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 27, Essay examples

A Hopeless Quality Essay Research Paper Tenets free essay sample

A Hopeless Quality Essay, Research Paper Dogmas of Tenneyson in Tithonus ? Tithonus? was written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The verse form? s scene is the ancient narrative of Tithonus. Tithonus fell in love with Eos, goddess of the morning, and asked her for immortality. Unfortunately for Tithonus he did non inquire for ageless young person, merely ageless life. He, hence, grows old but neer dies while Eos non merely neer dies but besides neer grows old. What makes Tithonus? s state of affairs worse is that? the Gods themselves can non remember their gifts? ( 49 ) . This dramatic soliloquy is characteristic of Tennyson. Tithonus is an first-class illustration of a dramatic soliloquy. There is a talker, Tithonus, who is non the poet. There is an audience? the Gods. Another feature of a dramatic soliloquy found in Tithonus is an exchange between the talker and the audience: ? I asked thee, ? Give me immortality? ? ? ( 15 ) . A character survey is when the talker speaks from an extraordinary position: Tithonus is looking back on his determination, a determination which the reader will neer be able to do but can merely woolgather of doing. His portraiture of his determination causes the common response to be rejected: most people would desire ageless life, but Tithonus proves this short-sighted. Tithonus proves the want for immortality vain by saying that: Why should a adult male desire in any manner To change from the charitable race of work forces, Or base on balls beyond the end of regulation Where all should hesitate, as is most meet for all? ( 29-31 ) . Another trait of the dramatic soliloquy is the dramatic, or critical, minute. In Tithonus this minute is when Tithonus decides that he does non desire immortality: ? take back thy gift? ( 27 ) . ? Tithonus? has all of the basic traits of a dramatic soliloquy: a talker who is non the poet, an identifiable audience, an exchange between the two, a critical minute, and a character survey of the talker. One other trait of a dramatic soliloquy is a dramatic tenseness. This tenseness is between rough judgement and understanding. This tenseness makes the audience see objectively instead than subjectively. The audience has sympathy for Tithonus, because he suffers: ? strong hours indignant worked their volitions, and crush me down and scarred and wasted me? ( 50 ) His stating the narrative besides conveying understanding from the audience. The audience must judge Tithonus negatively, because he has made an mistake. His mistake was his will? to change from the charitable race of work forces? ( 29 ) . The dramatic tenseness in? Tithonus? is caused by the clang of the audience? s understanding with the gt ; demand to judge Tithonus? s actions. ? Tithonus? has many of the traits feature of Tennyson. One such dogma is universe fatigue and the look for remainder, this is portrayed by Tithonus? s desire to turn old and dice. Didacticism, or instructiveness, is found in the statement, ? happy work forces. . . have the power to decease? ( 70 ) . Another dogma of Tennyson nowadays is it is a signifier of a narrative, a soliloquy. ? Tithonus? besides contains the fulfilment of the duty as a poet to learn the multitudes: Tennyson Teachs that adult male? s mortality is a approval. The great Romantic and Victorian subject of the yesteryear is besides prevalent in Tithonus? s will to undo the expletive of immortality: ? take back thy gift? ( 27 ) . One really obvious dogma of Tennyson is the rewording of ancient myths: Tennyson tells the ancient narrative of Tithonus. Isolation and alienation, another dogma of Tennyson, is present in Tithonus? s portion adult male and portion God position which alienates him from both: ? immortal age beside immortal young person? ( 22 ) . Tennyson besides uses elevated, stately, mediaeval enunciation: ? thine, ? ? thy, ? and? thee? ( 6, 27, 53 ) . In? Tithonus? Tennyson shows that he is a poet of advancement and alteration: ? the forests decay, the forests decay and autumn? ( 1 ) . Tennyson besides portrays societal consciousness of the importance his message has to the civilization: he shows the societal significance of immortality, a dream many people hold, and the disaffection it causes by changing adult male? from the charitable race of work forces? ( 29 ) . This verse form indirectly suppresses gender by demoing a negative result of lecherousness between two persons. This esoteric verse form offers a didactic statement of the poet? s moral and societal committedness: ? Where all should hesitate, as is most meet for all? ( 31 ) . ? Tithonus? has an implicit in sense of escape in that Tithonus wishes to get away the eternal defeats of life: ? let go of me, and reconstruct me to the grave? ( 72 ) . Through this quotation mark, Tennyson besides shows his longing for permanency, the permanency of decease. Tennyson besides depicts his nationalism, nationalism to the ? race of work forces? by seeking to learn others non to wish to change from it ( 29 ) . ? Tithonus? contains most of the major dogmas of Tennyson. In the terminal, this verse form is about determination devising and the ageless effects of determinations. Through Tithonus? s mishaps of immortality, the audience learns that immortality is non for adult male, and it is through the dramatic tenseness that the audience sees this objectively. Tennyson stresses the art of good determination devising and the importance of our determinations because of the perchance ageless significance they have. 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The Jungle Essays (782 words) - Meat Packing Industry, The Jungle

The Jungle Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the story of a Lithuanian family that immigrates from their home city in Lithuania to the city of Chicago. The novel begins with the strong description of a wedding in which Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus are united in Holy Matrimony. The two of them then move to Chicago. Soon after the wedding, Ona and Jurgis have many great debts to pay due to both the wedding and a large debt that Ona's father left them after he died. Due to Jurgis' large size and strong will he found a job in Chicago within only a half an hour of waiting in the unemployment line. Back in the newlywed's hometown of Lithuania, Ona and Jurgis' family anticipated a move to America. America uses the image of the ?American Dream? to lure immigrants to this land of opportunity. The family desperately desires higher wages and true freedom. For months and months, Jurgis works very hard to pay for the families travel to Ona and Jurgis' new hometown, Chicago. When the family finally makes it to America, their funds are very low. They met with a well off man named Jokubas Szedvilas who placed the family in a run down youth hostel. Jokubas takes the family to the meatpacking factory. He makes jokes about the sanitation of the operation (due only to the lack of quality of the meat). The family finds an advertisement for a housing complex that is very cheap. They talk to a real estate agent and they go see the housing complex. The houses aren't as big and luxurious as they are pictured in the advertisement, but the price is right. The real estate agent swindles them, and they are pulled into the contract. Sinclair emphasizes the corruption of upper class society during this era. Jurgis' father, Dede Antanas, is promised a job by a grubby worker, but only if he pays that worker one third of his wages. He takes the job despite the disgusting working conditions and his low pay. Jurgis is a very hard worker. He is the only person in the meat plant that doesn't complain. He doesn't think much of the other workers. He feels that they never get any work done, and all they do is gripe. Marija, Ona's cousin and Jonas, Ona's step brother, both get jobs, but neither one holds them for very long. From there things take a turn for the worst. The meat packing factories prove to be very unsanitary. Animal fetuses and even human corpses were processed, packaged, and distributed to the country. Working conditions became even worse for Jurgis, and after both his wife and child die, he left his job and family. Jurgis, now struggling more and more for money, turns to crime. The slums of Chicago show great contrast between the upper class and the underprivileged. The majority of the immigrant society possess very little money. Jurgis, an underprivileged person, must make his money illegally. He wanders the city aimlessly taking continuous criticism from the upper class of Chicago. He returned home to find that Ona's stepmother's child, Stanislovas, who once had a great fear of the cold after a frostbite incident, has tragically been eaten alive by a pack of rats on the job. He also finds out that his cousin in law Marija has become a whore to make money for herself. Jurgis tries to convince her to give it up, but she become addicted to morphine and she depends on the money. Jurgis' life has hit a dead end. He only finds light when he hears a political speaker involved with the Socialist party. He feels that an oversized proportion of a government is the only thing to uplift people of his kind. Back then, in the United States, being poor was a terrible crime in its self. I believe that these people looked toward a more Socialistic government because this type of government would take some of the power from the upper class and would give it to the poor. These people were working terrible shifts in horrible working conditions. If they were born poor they would remain that way unless they really got lucky, the same as

Exceptions in the Rules of Hyphenation

Exceptions in the Rules of Hyphenation Exceptions in the Rules of Hyphenation Exceptions in the Rules of Hyphenation By Mark Nichol After thumbing through the dictionary or perusing a usage guide, you’d think that the trend in American English and, to a lesser extent, in British English is to omit hyphens from words consisting of a prefix attached to the root word. But reality begs to differ. Mail sent from nonprofit organizations invariably features the word non-profit in the upper right-hand corner, where a stamp would normally be placed. (By contrast, the US Postal Service, on its Web site, correctly styles the term nonprofit but the Internal Revenue Service employs the hyphen, as do many such organizations.) Commercial Web sites and product catalogs invite customers to plan ahead, using the word pre-order, though the dictionary listing is preorder. And many print or online references to peace movements feature the term anti-war, despite the designation of the standard form in virtually all writing resources as antiwar. So, why do descriptivist and prescriptivist handbooks alike exhort readers to close the gap, when so many people who use the English language to communicate in writing ignore or are ignorant of the authorities’ citations? The natural trend in associating words or parts of words is to first combine them in open compounds, later hyphenate them as they become more established, and finally convert them into closed compounds when familiarity is thoroughly achieved (though many compounds remain open or hyphenated long after these evolutionary stages seem overdue). But most writers seemingly a majority of amateurs and definitely too many professionals don’t pay attention to such details, though the standard is easily ascertained by a glance in a dictionary or another resource. The exceptions to the preponderance of closed prefixes are relatively few and more or less simple. Retain a hyphen in the following cases: When the root word is a proper noun (post-Depression) or a number (pre-1914) When the prefix precedes an existing prefix (non-self-governing) When the prefix precedes a proper open compound (â€Å"pre-Civil War†) in such a case, the symbol should technically be an en dash, to help clarify that pre- modifies â€Å"Civil War,† not just the word it is actually attached to, but many publications, print and online, use a simple hyphen When two instances of the letter i or the letter a are adjacent (anti-intellectual, extra-action), or another combination of letters could hamper reading (pro-labor and many other pro- constructions) When a prefix is repeated (anti-antibody) When suspensive hyphenation is employed (â€Å"over- and understimulation†) Also, some people find it awkward to close up co- and a word starting with c (they prefer co-chair to cochair), with o (co-owner is preferred to coowner), or even with any word (coworker, instead of co-worker, annoys many writers). In addition, there are isolated illogical exceptions. For example, why close up reentry but hyphenate de-emphasis? And an otherwise superfluous hyphen is often inserted to distinguish homographs (as with re-count, â€Å"to tally again,† as opposed to recount, â€Å"to narrate†). Some writers ignore this seemingly overcautious strategy, though a clear context doesn’t necessarily obviate it. (Sometimes, the distinction does seem unnecessary: How many people write recreate as the verb form of recreation compared to using the prevalent usage, meaning â€Å"to create again†? But, oddly, the dominant homograph is given the hyphenated form.) Despite this apparent multitude of deviations from the norm, there is a norm: An overwhelming majority of prefixes are closed. But if you’re ever in doubt, just consult your dictionary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 15 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

The importance of analysis and analitical skills to the manager making Essay

The importance of analysis and analitical skills to the manager making decisions in business - Essay Example Business opportunity of get fit quick Competition, coupled with increased changes in the business environment, has combined to execute powerful impact on the way managers and their different organizations conduct businesses. In this regard, organizations have been forced to develop and implement the most sophisticated decision-making techniques in order to ensure available resources are economically and optimally utilized. In order for business to get fit quickly and successfully, managers are required to explore the different available alternatives of decision-making. The alternatives should have the ability to outline, in the most efficient way, how the organization can make use of the available resources in a way that differs from competitors and give returns that enable the business to create competitive advantage (Casey and Capella University 2006). Available resources in an organization can be used in ways that provide opportunity for the organization to achieve maximum utility. However, this is possible through selecting the best alternatives of decision-making as it pertains to resource utilization, environmental scanning, and goals to be achieved. Approaches of decision-making process Management literature depicts that decision-making process can benefit greatly from the four main approaches that are generally used in making decisions. As a result, in order for decision-making process to be successful and productive, managers are either to select one or multiple approaches that include logical systems approach, contingency approach, quantitative approach, and the qualitative approach. Logical systems of decision-making are premised on the rationality essence that is needed to make decisions (Wysocki 2010). In this case, an individual (manager) is perceived to have rational set of stages that should be followed before arriving at the appropriate conclusion regarding decision (Wysocki, 2010). Contingency approach on the other hand categorizes or program alternatives that can be used to achieve decision goals (Sengupta and Bhattacharya, 2006). A problem is presented to have different ways of solving it and this lead to development and evaluation of different ways of finding solution. On the other hand, quantitative approaches dictate that, decision-making process succeed when concept such as project management are adopted (Anderson, 2011). In this way, figures are seen to possess great ability of providing management with chances of finding solut

The impact of environmental laws on property management in the UK Dissertation

The impact of environmental laws on property management in the UK - Dissertation Example Projections are given in regards to the overall success in a broad sense of the present model of progress benchmarks along the way towards safer industry and human activity with respect to Earth's ecosystems. These needs are compared with the goals and interests of property owners. Table of Contents Declaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.4 Preface †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.4 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.4 Literature Review Part One †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.5 Literature Review Part Two †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.35 Literature Review Part Three †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.45 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.59 Findings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.59 Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.61 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. p.65 Declaration As a part of the European Union, the United Kingdom must adapt existing territor ial legislation into harmony with existing environmental policy. Most modern environmental legislation in Europe is passed down from United Nations International treaties, to be ratified by the European Union, and disseminated for review to individual nation states. All property owners have an obligation to respond to environmental policies and regulations, even those not engaged in heavy industrial waste production. Preface This study constitutes an analysis of environmental regulations as they exist in the United Kingdom pertaining to housing and property management. The practice of environmental regulation and enforcement is detailed. Findings, conclusions and recommendations follow the primary literature review. Introduction The most basic definition of the environment would be that which is not ourselves, and yet we all live in a world of interconnectedness and interrelationships were all are affected by the actions of others whether or not we are aware of them. A more detailed legal definition is in order, however: "Environment shall mean the space with all living organisms and natural resources, natural and man-made values, their interaction and the entire space in which people live and in which settlements, goods in general use, industrial and other facilities, including the media in the areas of the environment, are situated. " (Home, 2007) It is reasonable suppose that any contrived separation of any individual or organization from the environment is an illusion. And it is thus the responsibility of all citizens, and all commercial enterprises to cultivate a principle of stewardship for and within their greater environment. This study will relate principally to environmental policies pertaining to property ownership in the United Kingdom, specifically the rules and regulations in regards to legal compliance with environmental laws relevant to both residential and commercial property owners. The intent of environmental policy will be described in acco rdance with United Nations and European Union mandates which are then disseminated into laws by the various member nations. The means by which these laws are implemented, the challenges in their implementation, and the ramifications of these legal principles for the environment and for the rights of property owners shall be detailed. Literature Review Part One There is no doubt as to the necessity of a certain responsible level of environmental regulation in the field of housing and property management. The importance of environmental controls can be regularly seen in clean air and pristine water, especially when it is contrasted

Methods for Water Treatment

Methods for Water Treatment 1.12.2 Effect of chlorination of water Chlorine is toxic not only for microorganisms, but for human being also. For humans, chlorine is an irritation to the nasal passages eye, and respiratory system. Chlorine gas must be cautiously handled because it may cause severe health problem. Although, chlorine gas is also the low rate form of chlorine for water treatment, It makes use choice in spite of the health problem. In drinking water, the concentration of chlorine is usually very low and is thus not a concern in acute exposure. More of a concern is the long term risk of cancer due to chronic exposing to chlorinated water. This is mainly due to the halo alkanes and other products and chlorinated products. These are carcinogenic and have been the substance of concern in chlorinated drinking water. Chlorinated water has been related with increased risk of bladder, colon and rectal cancer. In the case of bladder cancer, the risk may be doubled. Chlorination is a very popular method of water disinfection that has been used from several years. It has proved to be efficient for destroying bacteria and viruses, but not for some carcinogenic disinfection by-product, many communities have become hesitant in the continuation of this process. Although chlorination does have some disadvantages, it continues to be the most conventional, useful, and consistent method of water disinfection. 1.13 Oxidation by potassium permanganate Most treatment plants, uses potassium permanganate for the oxidation and subsequent removal of iron, follow the chemical addition with manganese greensand filtration. Manganese treated greensand can exchange electrons and therefore oxidizes iron and manganese to their insoluble, filterable states [[1][2]]. When the filter is completely regenerated the excess KMnO4 will break through the filter bed leaving a pink color in the water. The greensand filter bed is usually capped with anthracite to first remove insoluble compounds, which helps prevent the filter from becoming clogged. Most filters are equipped with an air wash system to enhance the greens and backwashing process. Major disadvantages to the use of the potassium permanganate – greens and filtration process for iron removal include high chemical costs and filter bed deterioration when the pH falls below 7.0. In some treatment plants, KMnO4 is used to oxidize iron and manganese without greensand filtration[[3]]and analytical chemistry [[4]] and also as a disinfectant. Among the six oxidation states of manganese from +2 to +7, permanganate, Mn(VII) is the most pervasive oxidation state in acid, with reduction potentials of [[5]]Oxidation by permanganate finds extensive application in organic synthesis [[6]].The manganese c hemistry involved in these multistep redox reactions is an important source of information as the manganese intermediates are relatively easy to identify when they have sufficiently long lifetimes, and oxidation states of the intermediates permit useful conclusions as to the possible reaction mechanisms, including the nature of intermediates. In acidic medium it exists in the different forms: HMnO4, H2MnO+4, HMnO3 and Mn2O7. The thesis comprises seven chapters including the general introduction about chemical kinetics as follows. 1.  General Introduction This chapter introduces about the kinetics, mechanisms, disinfection and catalysis of reactions in general. PART I Uncatalyzed reactions 2. Transformation of Levofloxacin during Water treatment with chlorine: Kinetics, Mechanism and Pathways Kinetics and mechanism of removal of fluoroquinolone antibacterial levofloxacin (LFC) by free available chlorine (FAC) during water chlorination processes was investigated for the first time between the pH values 4.2 and 8.5. The pH dependent second order rate constants were found to decrease with increase in pH. (e.g. Apparent second order rate constant; k†app = 20 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at pH 4.2 and k†app = 1 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at pH 8.5 and at 25 oC). The products of the reaction were determined by Liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. There are two plausible pathways for the LFC chlorination. The major channel is electrophilic halodecarboxylation of quinolone moiety in which, HOCl reacts at tertiary N(4) amine to form a reactive chlorammonium intermediate (R3N(4)Cl+) that can catalytically halogenate LFC and the minor channel is chlorination at piperazinyl moiety in which the HOCl reacts at tertiary N(4) amine to form a reactive chlorammonium intermediate (R 3N(4)Cl+) followed by intermediate degradation both at piperazinyl and quinolone moiety with successive chlorination. The effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction was studied at four different temperatures and rate constants were found to increase with increase in temperature and the thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# were evaluated for the reaction and discussed. 3. Transformation of linezolid during water treatment with chlorine: A kinetic study The experimental studies on transformation of emerging contaminant linezolid during water chlorination process have been carried out using UV-Visible spectrometer. The pseudo-first order rate constants of linezolid reaction with free available chlorine (FAC) at 5.0 to 8.8 pH have been determined. The second order rate constants are found to decrease with increase in pH (e.g. apparent second rate constant; k†app=2.88 dm3 mol-1s-1 at pH 5.0 and k†app = 0.076 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at pH 8.8 at 298K). Monochlorinated reaction product has been identified by LC/ESI/MS spectra under the experimental conditions. A mechanism involving electrophilic halogenation is proposed based on the kinetic data and LC/ESI/MS spectra. The effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction has been studied at four different temperatures. It is observed that rate constants increase with the increase in temperature and the thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# are evaluated for the reaction and discussed. The product of the reaction between linezolid and FAC retains the antibacterial activity. The geometry optimization of the reactants and the products has been done using dispersion corrected density functional (DFT-D) method. All the DFT calculations are accomplished using the TurboMole-5.10 package. 4. Transformation of antibacterial agent lomefloxacin by alkaline permanganate: Kinetics and Mechanism The kinetic and mechanistic investigation of oxidation of emerging contaminant Lomefloxacin (LMF) by alkaline permanganate was carried out spectrophtometrically. The oxidation product 7-amino-1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid was identified by Agilent 6130 Series Quadrupole LC/MS. The stoichiometry was found to be 1:2, that is, 1 mol of lomefloxacin reacted with 2 mol manganese (VII). Orders with respect to [LMF] and [OH] were found to be fractional and less that one. The oxidation reaction proceeds via an alkali-permanganate species, that forms a complex with lomefloxacin and the complex then decomposes to give the product. The rate of reaction was found to decrease with decrease in the dielectric constant. The effects of initially added products and ionic strength have also been investigated. The kinetics of the reaction was also studied at four different temperatures and the thermodynamic activation parameters for the reaction were evaluated and discussed. The geometry optimization of reactants and activated complex were carried out using density functional theory (DFT). The DFT calculations were accomplished with the TURBOMOLE program package (Version-6.4). The activation energy was found to be ~21 kJ/mol at RI-BP86.def 2-TZVPP level of theory. PART II CATALYSED REACTIONS 5. Silver (I) catalyzed and uncatalyzed oxidation of levofloxacin with aqueous chlorine: A comparative kinetic and mechanistic approach The kinetics and mechanism of the Ag (I) ion catalyzed reaction of levofloxacin (LFC) by free available chlorine (FAC) during water chlorination processes was investigated for the first time between the pH values 4.2 and 8.2. The pH dependent second order rate constants were found to decrease with increase in pH. (e.g. Apparent second order rate constant for Ag (I) catalyzed reaction, k†app = 114.40 dm-3 mol-1 sec-1 at pH 4.2 and k† app. = 8.72 dm-3mol-1 sec-1 at pH 8.2 and at 25 ±0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™). The reaction rates revealed that Ag (I) catalyzed reaction was about six-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. The products of the reaction were determined by Liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeds via formation of intermediate complex between Ag (I) ion and levofloxacin, then HOCl reacts with the complex to form chlorinated product. The effect of catalyst, effect of initially added product, effect dielectric constant and effect ionic strength on the rate of reaction was also studied. The effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction was studied at four different temperatures and rate constants were found to increase with increase in temperature and the thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# were evaluated for the reaction and discussed. 6. Ag (I) catalyzed chlorination of linezolid during water treatment: Kinetics, mechanism The kinetics and mechanism of the Ag (I) ion catalyzed reaction of linezolid (LNZ) by free available chlorine (FAC) during water chlorination processes was investigated for the first time between the pH values 4.0 and 9.0. The pseudo-first order rate constants of linezolid reaction with free available chlorine (FAC) at 4.0 to 9.0 pH have been determined. The pH dependent second order rate constants were found to decrease with increase in pH. Apparent second order rate constant for uncatalyzed reaction, e.g. k†app = 8.15 dm-3 mol-1 sec-1 at pH 4.0 and k† app. = 0.076 dm-3mol-1 sec-1 at pH 9.0 and at 25 ±0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and for Ag (I) catalyzed reaction total apparent second order rate constant, e.g. k†app = 51.50 dm-3 mol-1 sec-1 at pH 4.0 and k† app. = 1.03 dm-3mol-1 sec-1 at pH 9.0 and at 25 ±0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The reaction rates revealed that Ag (I) catalyzed reaction was about five to ten-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. Monochlorinate d reaction product has been identified by LC/ESI/MS spectra under the experimental conditions. A mechanism involving electrophilic halogenation is proposed based on the kinetic data and LC/ESI/MS spectra. The reaction rates revealed that Ag (I) catalyzed reaction was about ten-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction.The reaction proceeds via formation of intermediate complex between Ag (I) ion and linezolid, then HOCl reacts with the complex to form chlorinated product. The effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction has been studied at four different temperatures. It is observed that rate constants increase with the increase in temperature and the thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# are evaluated for the reaction and discussed. The effect of catalyst, effect of initially added product, effect dielectric constant and effect ionic strength on the rate of reaction. The product of the reaction between linezolid and FAC retains the antibacterial activity. 7. Transformation of linezolid during water treatment with permanganate: Kinetics, mechanism and Pd (II) catalysis The uncatalyzed and Pd (II) catalyzed transformation of Linezolid (LNZ) with permanganate in acidic medium was carried out between the pH values 3.0 and 6.0. The pH dependent second order rate constants were found to decrease with increase in pH. Apparent second order rate constant for uncatalyzed reaction, e.g. k†app = 6.32 dm-3 mol-1 sec-1 at pH 3.0 and k† app. = 2.64 dm-3mol-1 sec-1 at pH 6.0 and at 25 ±0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and for Pd (II) catalyzed reaction total apparent second order rate constant, e.g. k†app = 75.5 dm-3 mol-1 sec-1 at pH 3.0 and k† app. = 45.66 dm-3mol-1 sec-1 at pH 6.0 and at 25 ±0.2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The reaction rates revealed that Pd (II) catalyzed reaction was about ten-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. The products of the reaction were determined by Liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeds via formation of complex between Pd (II) and linezolid, then complex reacts with acidic p ermanganate to form intermediate compound, which then form oxidized products. The effect of catalyst, effect of initially added product, effect dielectric constant and effect ionic strength on the rate of reaction were also studied. The effect of temperature on the rate of the reaction was studied at four different temperatures and rate constants were found to increase with increase in temperature and the thermodynamic activation parameters Ea, ΔH#, ΔS# and ΔG# were evaluated for the reaction and discussed. References [1]. w. Stumm, and J.J. Morgan, Aquatic Chemistry. Wiley Interscience, New York, 1967. [2]. J. Hoigne, H. Bader, W.R. Haag and J. Staehelin, Rate Constants of Reactions of Ozone with Organic and Inorganic Compounds in water III, Water Res., Vol. 19(8), 1985, pp.993. [3]. L.D. Benefield, J.F. Judkins and B.L. Weand , Iron and Manganese Removal, from Process Chemistry for water and wastewater Treatment, ed. J.M. Chege, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood CliffS, N.J.,1982. [4]. G.A. Hiremath, P.L.Timmanagoudar and S. T. Nandibewoor, Kinetics of oxidation of thallium (I) by permanganate in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium using stopped flow technique. Transit. Met. Chem. Vol.21, 1996, pp. 560–568. [5]. M.C. Day and J.Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Reinhold, New York, 1964,  pp. 226–233. [6]. P. Caron, R.W. Dugger, J.A.Ruggeri and D.H.Brown Ripin, Large scale oxidations in the pharmaceutical industry. Chem. Rev. Vol.106, 2006, pp. 2943–2989.

Emergency Department Poc Immunoassay Testing Essay

Introduction Cardiovascular disease is a substantial concern and has emerged as one of the leading health issues. In examining cardiovascular disease, its incidence is astounding. Each year approximately one million men and women die, averaging one death every thirty three seconds (Heart, 2013).The death rate for cardiovascular issues such as myocardial infarction and CHF claim more lives than cancer and Aids combined. Heart disease will be the number one cause of death by the year 2020 worldwide (Heart, 2013). Notably heart disease is a significant health problem that not only costs lives but is a significant economic burden with costs related to doctors’ visits, medications, rehabilitation and additional contributors such as loss of work and patient rehabilitations. It is estimated at approximately 485 billion dollars annually can be associated to the treatment of heart related issues such as heart attack and CHF, early diagnosis is imperative (Heart,2013). The intention of this proposal is to introduce the function of Point of care (POC) testing in the Emergency Department for immunoassay levels and educate on the benefits of early detection of Troponin and Brain naturietic peptide levels which are cardiovascular disease markers. This proposal outlines the purpose, targeted population, costs, and benefits as well as the process of evaluation. Furthermore, acquiring approval of the Emergency Department manager as well as the director is the intention of this proposal and it is hoped that the program once approved can be launched in June of 2015. Purpose of the Program The purpose of the program is to promote is to acquire funding for the purchase of an immunoassay point of care testing machine in the Emergency Department(ED). Heart disease effects millions of people worldwide, often patients present to the Emergency Department in need of testing for heart related issues. Often times the chest pain and symptoms people are experiencing are benign, in utilizing the POC testing patients  people can be quickly assessed for cardiac markers and if negative will result unnecessary precautionary medication utilization, decrease in unnecessary overnight observation, shortened length of stay in the ED as well as reduction in patient anxiety waiting for lengthy lab results (Noyan, 2013). Target Population The target population includes men and women greater than age 18. Although heart related issues such as cardiovascular disease and CHF most commonly affect persons greater than 65 and estimated 1% of the population can be stricken with disease as early as age 18. Often times drugs may be a factor as well as genetics (Heart, 2013). It is imperative all persons presenting to the ER with chest pain or other heart related issues be cleared for any possible life threating cardiac events. There are an estimated 250,000 sudden cardiac deaths occurring each year in the united states, that translates into 680 per day, half of this is in persons younger than 65 and in addition half of these have no prior warning symptoms (Heart,2013). Looking at these statistics it is imperative that having POC testing to rule out benign conditions and reserve resources for true life threating cardiac issues. Costs Once the purchase of the device is made its annual costs are slim. With the cost of health care rising and less insurance reimbursement saving money for the hospital is vital. The purchase price for the POC device is approximately 6,000 dollars which based on a study translated into approximately 9.00 to per person to perform the test which is very inexpensive( Mainor,2002). Benefits Benefits of this program is receiving funding for the purchase of the POC testing equipment, resulting in the ability to rapidly evaluate patients presenting with cardiovascular symptoms, such as suspected acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Utilizing POC testing into an emergency department results in quicker diagnosis, treatment, improved patient outcomes, improves ER flow through by weeding out non acute patients, decreases unnecessary use of resources such as medication and  hospital admissions. Evaluation In order to assess if this program will be successful we can survey a control group to see if the statements that are made are accurate. In surveying 100 patients that present with cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain. POC testing can be completed to see how many of the 100 patients were non acute chest pain resulting in the reduction of resources and admissions. In addition, research from other facilities is widely available and research has already been completed ensure the success of this program. Conclusion POC testing is an easy, quick intervention that leads to quicker diagnosis and the savings of vital resources need for life threatening emergencies. This department needs to have this machine, the improvement of ER flow by reducing non acute patient wait times would be only one of many invaluable reasons to approve and fund this program. References: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics–2013. (2013). Journal of the American Heart Association, 127(6), 1-245. Mainor, B., Hardwick, W., & King, W. (January,2002). Evaluation of a Portable Clinical Analyzer in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Analysis of Cost and Turnaround Time. Southern Medical Journal, 95(6), 4-5. Retrieved October 6, 2014. Noyan, T., Gozlukaya, O., & Cankaya, S. (2013). The Evaluation of Cardiac TroponinI Assays Measured Radiometer AQT90 Flex and ReLIA Analyzers. Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 1(4), 16-22.

A Contemporary Take on The Blithedale Romance

Four individuals get together with thoughts on what an ideal society should be in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Blithedale Romance. † Blithedale was a modern Arcadia founded by Charles Fourier which was eventually destroyed by the behavior of individuals who are only interested for themselves. These said members are the very four individuals who are the main characters in the novel.These are Hollingsworth, a philanthropist and misogynist who wants to make Blithedale a colony for the reformation of criminals, Zenobia, an outspoken and opinionated feminist, Priscilla, a seamstress from the city and Miles Coverdale, the poet who is also the narrator in the story. Throughout spring and summer, Hollingsworth, Zenobia, Priscilla and Coverdale formed an intense friendship with one another. Just like the weather, this bond disintegrates the exact moment autumn comes. The book ends tragically. Coverdale is an unreliable narrator.It was as if his manner of speaking represents s pirituality to the masses who are already secular. This makes him appear someone who tries to popularize his beliefs. He is also a voyeur because he avoids interaction with those around him. He also doesn’t like to be seen. Since he is the narrator, it seems as if he has the power. Truth is, his personality influences how the story is told. The politics, personal liberation and communal utopia he has in his head still depends on how the three other characters take it. Zenobia is the representation of the eternal feminine, to the delight of modern-day feminists.The text describes her as â€Å"earthy, maternal, natural, sensual, domestic, brilliant, loving and demanding. † Nonetheless, Zenobia is complicated and she represents the varying feminist qualities just as she mirrors the â€Å"materiality of the world† and her â€Å"resistance to desire. † It seems as if Zenobia was already the image of the feminist politics. On the other hand, Hollingsworth is of ten perceived as the American sterotype. He intends to â€Å"convert the heathen. † This is his way to redeem the fallen. He has projects that are philanthropic by nature. It masks his â€Å"will to power.† Hollingsworth is the typical white and male of today. It also seems that throughout the text, he is so masculine. Each trait he has reflects traditional masculinity. Finally, there is Priscilla. She is the exact opposite of Zenobia. She is passive, innocent, vulnerable and can easily be manipulated. She suffers from the control of the men in her life. However, in the book as written by Hawthorne, it will seem that Priscilla overpowers Zenobia. In the society that they are in, Zenobia’s strong feminist views do not coincide with the traditional norms.†The Blithedale Romance† may be a classic but it is still relevant especially during political seasons. With the background check on the time Hawthorne wrote this, the Transcendentalists, Utopian Movem ent, Unitarians and Universalists still remain in the political ideologies of today. Just like modern Americans, the characters in the story are unsatisfied with what the United States is now. They believe that they are still living in the â€Å"sinfulness of man. † They intend to make heaven here on earth. In the book, they called their utopia â€Å"Happy Valley.† We see politicians striving for the same goal today. Each one of them have their own logos. In contemporary America, politicians always trying to fix things that do not need fixing. They believe they can ignore human nature.. It is interesting to point that the ideologies represented in the book didn’t work. It is pretty much a prediction because these movements – Socialism, Misogyny, Feminism – also do not work today. The part where Zenobia seems to be uncontrolled is an allusion to the power of the feminist movement. If you think about it, women want to be heard.They have strong convic tions and if the reader will use Zenobia as the symbol of the feminist movement, he can conclude that she bowed down to Hollingsworth, who represents the traditional male. It is unfortunate that despite women’s determination to be heard, the masculine driven society we live in today results to an â€Å"abrupt and dramatic suicide† of the feminist’s beliefs. 1 Hawthorne, during his time, was known to be a romance novelist. This work is different from his previous masterpieces simply because of its relative realism.He made sure that the novel deals with social events that occur in an everyday fashion. There is also romance in extraordinary events. The novel manages to analyze the characters through the historical and social forces. Take this for example. A main complication in the novel is the conflict between the individual and the community. There is a subjectivity on the self because the focus is on will and personal freedom. Early on, it has been said that the town did not succeed because of the self-interest of the four characters.That is why as much as the characters offer ethical benefit in order for the other person to do well, the individualism appears to be self detemination. The pursuit of one’s personal gain only complicates the matter even more. 2 Another conflict is Hollingsworth’s take on spirituality. It seems that it is so intangible that it needs public reckoning but most individuals in Blithedale wish to see this spiritual belief in evidence which the four characters cannot explain. Clearly, â€Å"The Blithedale Romance† is a romantic perception of something so real such as a society.As much as one wishes to strive for utopia, the human nature of selfishness, self-interest and self-again will always prevent this from happening. Another concern is the different mindsets of people, as seen among the four characters in â€Å"The Blithedale Romance. † This only comes to show that there will always b e misunderstanding among us. 1 Hoeltje, Hubert H. Inward Sky: The Heart and Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne, page 313, Duke University Press, 1962 2 Craig White, â€Å"A Utopia of Spheres and Sympathies†, Utopian Studies, 1998.

Health and Social Care A Plan for Implementing the Program of Activities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 290 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? The underlying agenda behind the program is to implement a health and wellness plan within the community. There are several significant facets to the program. These include enhancement of primary health care provision, promotion of mental wellness through reduction of substance abuse, improvement of environmental health, and harnessing of information technology to enhance the community’s ability to access health care services (Frieden, 2014 p.18). This program and the entrenched activities have necessitated the development of a plan, which is as laid down below. Primary health care provision The project to achieve this facet of the program will take into consideration the following aspects: †¢ Establishing a comprehensive understanding of primary health care within the community †¢ Mapping out of available primary care services within the community †¢ Improving coordination between physicians and health institutions within the community (Norton, 2014 p.538) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Health and Social Care: A Plan for Implementing the Program of Activities" essay for you Create order Promotion of mental wellness The plan of implementation under this facet of the program will entail the following activities: †¢ Reaching out to reduce drug abuse in the community †¢ Facilitating partnerships and collaborations among and between institutions that have been engaged in mental wellness within the locale (Norton, 2014 p.540) Promotion of environmental health For the program to produce the anticipated results, implementation will involve the following courses of action: †¢ Encouraging and training community members to champion habits that enhance safe and healthy indoor and outdoor environments (Eldredge et al., 2016 p.68) †¢ Partnering with environmental health officers within the community to help formulate guidelines that can assist the community to foster a healthier environment (Norton, 2014 p.537). Harnessing information and technology This final stage will encapsulate the following courses of action towards implementation: †¢ Carrying out a scan of the community’s environment to determine the available and most appropriate technological platforms that can help improve health (Frieden, 2014 p.20).